ПРОГРЕСС И ПОЛИТИКА: СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ФИЛОСОФСКИЕ АПОРИИ И ДИЛЕММЫ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2018.201Аннотация
В статье рассматриваются основные аспекты современных интерпретаций понятия и теории прогресса и их влияния на эволюцию политических теорий и идеологических дискурсов. Идея прогресса в последние десятилетия постоянно ставится под сомнение. Сформировавшись в эпоху модерна, концепция прогресса стала существенным свойством исторического процесса и его господствующих тенденций. Само понятие прогресса предполагает момент его ценностного восприятия. К концу XX в. различия в оценках прогресса достигли своего апогея вследствие возникшего ощущения противоположности альтернатив, содержащихся в историческом развитии. Неопределенность нашей эпохи находит свое отражение и на уровне социальной и политической теории в сложном диалоге философов и ученых, порожденном оптимистическими и пессимистическими восприятиями прогресса. Диагноз «кризис легитимации», поставленный Юргеном Хабермасом, и его прогноз относительно возможности реконструировать коммуникативное действие на уровне рациональности, вероятно, являются примером наиболее изощренного синтеза теории кризиса и делиберативной демократии. Однако не менее важное значение имеет иная культурная особенность прогресса, благодаря которой способность людей к совершенствованию придает ему характерное свойство «темпорального компенсаторного концепта» (Р. Козеллек). Тем самым идея прогресса приобретает черты защитного консервативного фактора современной цивилизации, что постоянно фиксируется в современной политической теории (М. Фриден) и философии науки (К. Поппер).
Ключевые слова:
прогресс, политика, история, социальная теория, наука, философия, историческое развитие, модернизация, политическое изменение, технология, коммуникация, социальное действие
Скачивания
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